The Prohibitions on Strike According to the Act No 6356 As Amended Under the Judgment of the Constitutional Court
Anayasa Mahkemesi Kararıyla Yapılan Değişiklikle 6356 Sayılı Kanuna Göre Grev Yasakları
As a constitutional right, the right to strike is one of the economic rights. The right to strike, which is a constitutional right, is not an unlimited right. The right to strike is defined in the Act No 6356. In addition to this definition, the Act requires a number of additional conditions in order that an action is considered as a lawful strike. A strike, which meets these required conditions, is called as lawful strike; and a strike, which does not meet these required conditions, is called as unlawful strike. In addition to this classification, the Act No 6356 sets out a number of prohibitions on strike. It is prohibited to go on strike in certain works and in certain places of employment, under these prohibitions set out by the Act. However; the comprehensive prohibitions on strike, set out by the Act No 2822, is substantially reduced by the amendments made and by the Act No 6356.
In consequence of the annulment, by the Constitutional Court, of the words "banking services" and "inner-city public transportation services", stated by the Article 62, entitled "The Prohibitions of Strike and Lockout", of the Act No 6356 that strikes are prohibited in banking services and inner-city public transportation services; it is also possible to go on strike in the works where banking services and inner-city public transportation services are carried out. Today, there is no such prohibition on strike for these works.
Strike, Prohibitions on Strike, Permanent Prohibitions on Strike, Temporary Prohibitions on Strike.
Grev hakkı, Anayasal bir hak olarak ekonomik haklar arasındaki yerini almıştır. Anayasal bir hak olan grev hakkı, sınırız bir hak değildir. 6356 Sayılı Kanun'da grev hakkı tanımlanmış, Kanun bu tanıma ilaveten yapılan eylemin kanuni grev olabilmesi için birtakım ek koşullar aramıştır. Aranan bu koşulları taşıyan grev kanuni grev, taşımayan ise kanundışı grevdir. Bu ayırımın yanı sıra, 6356 sayılı Kanunda birtakım grev yasakları yer almaktadır. Kanunda yer alan bu yasaklarla bazı işler ve işyerlerinde grev yasaklanmıştır. Ancak, 2822 sayılı Kanundaki kapsamlı grev yasakları, yapılan değişiklikler ve 6356 sayılı Kanun ile önemli ölçüde azaltılmıştır.
Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin bankacılık hizmetlerinde ve şehir içi toplu taşıma hizmetlerinde grevi yasaklayan 6356 sayılı Kanun’un “Grev ve Lokavt Yasakları” başlıklı 62. maddesinde yer alan “Bankacılık hizmetleri” ve “Şehir içi toplu taşıma hizmetleri” kelimelerini iptal etmesinin ardından bankacılık hizmetlerinde ve şehir içi toplu taşıma hizmetlerinde greve gitmek mümkün hale geldi. Bugün artık bu işlerde grev yasağı bulunmamaktadır.
Grev, Grev Yasakları, Sürekli Grev Yasakları, Geçici Grev Yasakları.
I. INTRODUCTION
In modern societies, the right to strike constitutes one of the economic rights in terms of labour relations.1 The word "grev" ("strike" in English), as a French-origin word in our language, is a name given to labourers' work stoppage actions, as inspired from the strike area in Paris where labourers request for job and where they hold demonstrations and assemblies.2
The scope of the right to strike varies depending on the level of democratic development in countries.3 The occupational and economic interests, which are protected by labourers by means of the right to strike, are not only related to better working conditions or collective occupational demands. They also include the solutions for the problems encountered by businesses as well as economic and social policy problems that are of a direct concern to labourers. However; the statement that a national strike, protesting social and employment-related consequences of the Government's economic policy, is not prohibited (and then, such a prohibition on strike) constitutes a serious violation of the freedom of association.4
In the Article 54 of the Constitution, in relation to the exercise of and the limitations on the right to strike, it is stated that: "Labourers have the right to strike in the course of collective labour agreement signature process, in case a disagreement arises. The procedures and conditions concerning, the scope of and the exceptions to the exercise of this right and the employer's recourse to a lockout shall be regulated by law". With this provision; it is stated that a strike shall be considered as lawful only if a disagreement occurs during collective labour agreement signature process, and that this right shall be exercised within the framework drawn by law. A strike, which remains outside of the boundaries determined by law, shall be considered as an unlawful strike.5 However; in the case that protest actions take place in the way of exercise of a democratic right in accordance with the international norms and that they have a peaceful character and provided that they are in compliance with principle of proportionality; such actions should not be considered as unlawful actions.6
