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Theoretical Background Of International Arbitration

Halil Rahman BAŞARAN

International arbitration is an autonomous field of international law – whomever the parties (state, international organization, corporation, private individual) and whatever the nature of the subject (public international law or private international law) may be. The political dimension of international arbitration, the inability to conceive of it in purely categorical scientific terms, and its reliance on common sense lead us to this conclusion. State-to-state, business-to-state and business-to-business arbitrations can all be envisaged in this framework. In this respect, international arbitration is not to be conceived of merely as a dispute settlement mechanism, but also as an integral element of the international system. More precisely, international arbitration law is, on the one hand, closely connected with classical international law and national laws, while on the other hand possessing a certain autonomy.

International Arbitration, Contract, Public Policy, İnternational Law, Common Sense

Tarafları (devlet, uluslararası örgüt, şirket veya gerçek kişi) ve konuları (devletler umumi hukuku veya devletler özel hukuku) ne kadar farklı olursa olsun uluslararası tahkim uluslararası hukukun müstakil (otonom) bir alanını teşkil eder. Uluslararası tahkimin siyasi boyutu, saf bilimsel kategoriler ışığında değerlendirilmesinin zorluğu ve sağduyuya dayanması bu yargıya ulaşmamıza yol açar. Devlet-devlet, şirket-devlet ve şirket-şirket tahkimlerini bu çerçevede değerlendirmek gerekir. Bu bağlamda, uluslararası tahkimi salt bir uyuşmazlık çözme mekanizması olarak değil, aynı zamanda uluslararası sistemin ayrılmaz bir parçası olarak telakki etmek uygundur. Daha açık bir ifadeyle, uluslararası tahkim hukuku bir yandan klasik uluslararası hukuk ve milli hukuklar ile iç içedir.Öte yandan, belli bir otonomiye sahiptir.

Uluslararası Tahkim, Sözleşme, Kamu Politikası, Uluslararası Hukuk, Sağduyu

1. INTRODUCTION

International arbitration is a distinctive type of adjudication, whereby disputing parties have their disputes settled by private persons – namely, arbitrators. International arbitration is an alternative method of adjudication to state courts and permanent international courts. It is a method whereby a tribunal is established by the consent of the parties and is under their control. The objective of international arbitration may be defined as the speedy settlement of international political, commercial and investment disputes.

The assumption is that international political stability and economic development would be ensured through international investment and trade.1 In general, political, commercial and investment disputes are interlinked.2 Indeed, in the preamble of the ICSID (International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes) Convention,3 reference is made to the relationship between economic development and investment; international arbitration courts therefore deem the protection of foreign investment a necessity for economic development.4

The development of international trade and commerce is dependent to a great extent on continuing good relations between governments, merchants, industrialists and businesses; trade requires stability and relationships built on trust and permanency. Parties to any dispute are well aware of the fact that they will continue to have either direct or indirect interaction with each other once a dispute has been settled. That's why amicable resolution of any dispute is generally preferred. Agents and actors in international politics, diplomacy and commerce seek flexibility in the settlement of disputes, and resolutions that will not harm the future relations between the disputing parties.