Arama yapmak için lütfen yukarıdaki kutulardan birine aramak istediğiniz terimi girin.

The Privatization of Prison Services in Turkey

Cezaevi Hizmetlerinin Özelleştirilmesi

Seçkin YAVUZDOĞAN

Consequently, it will be apparent that the prisons are a public service when the state’s duties to cast away the individuals with the potential to commit a crime, to rehabilitate the convicts and prisoners in prisoners and reintegrate them into society as normal individuals are taken into consideration with the fact that the state, which aims to protect society’s interests and whose emergence is closely related to this aim, brings moral prosperity to the public by securing the justice.

It is observed that for centuries, crime has been punished, yet the crime rate has not decreased; on the contrary the crime rate and in proportion to this, the prison population has increased. It has been understood that the freedom restricting penalties were not helpful in reducing crime rates and the states have been inclined towards the private sector prisons since recently in order to reduce the growing costs of increasing prison population within the public finance. The fact that Turkey is not among these countries and has not begun to apply this method does not mean that it will not be applied in the future. However, it would be useful for the country to choose the most appropriate one for our law structure among the methods experienced in foreign countries.

Public Service, Prisons, Prison Services, Privatization, Privatization of Prisons.

Cezaevlerinin kamu hizmeti olma özelliği, hem cezaevinin dışındaki özgür insanların hükümlülerden uzaklaştırılması suretiyle güvenliklerinin sağlanması açısından, hem de cezaevi içindeki hükümlü ve tutukluların beslenme, sağlık gibi temel ihtiyaçları ayrıca sosyal ve kültürel faaliyetler ve eğitim hizmetlerinin yeterli ve kaliteli bir şekilde karşılanması bakımından büyük anlam ifade etmektedir.

Yüzyıllardan bu yana suçların cezalandırılması sonucunda, suç işleme oranlarında herhangi bir düşüş yaşanmamış, aksine suç oranı ve bununla doğru orantılı olarak cezaevlerinin nüfuslarında artış gözlemlenmiştir. İnsanlık tarihinde hürriyeti bağlayıcı cezaların suç işleme oranlarını düşürmekte çaresiz kaldığı anlaşılmış ve devletler yakın tarihten bu yana, artan cezaevi nüfusunun kamu maliyesinin sırtına yüklediklerini hafifletmek amacıyla özel sektör cezaevlerine yönelmişlerdir. Türkiye’nin bu ülkeler arasında henüz yer almamış olması ve uygulamaya geçememesi, bundan sonra uygulanmayacağı anlamında olmamakla birlikte, yabancı ülkelerdeki örneklerden kendi hukuk yapımıza en uygun olanı, tecrübe edilmiş olanlar arasından seçmek ülke açısından faydalı olacaktır.

Kamu Hizmeti, Özelleştirme, Cezaevi Hizmetleri, Kamu Görevlileri

INTRODUCTION

Although the execution activities of the freedom restricting penalties which bear major responsibilities both politically and economically hold some contradictions regarding the state's monopoly on punishment and its legitimacy associated with this, states cannot avoid to resort to privatize prison services since it cannot be denied that it is an effective method for the realization of the objectives to rehabilitate and to ease the convicts' return to normal life, which are the primary objectives of punishment. In our study, we aim to reach the theoretical information about the potential application in Turkey by examining the reasons that prompt governments to privatize prison services, applications in foreign countries and the case of Turkey.

I. PUBLIC SERVICE AND THE CONCEPT OF PRIVATIZATION

Public service which may seem to be explained with a simple definition as "the meeting of social needs by the state", but which involves many debates, abstract and concrete meanings, the change which race against time and the concept of public benefit that is its most crucial element, has not yet assumed a definition agreed by all. "The legislator did not have any concern to define public service, the judge did not want to define it for not losing the freedom of judgment and the doctrine could not define it despite all its efforts."1

It is possible to define public service as "the continuous and regular activities presented to the public to meet and satisfy the general and collective requirements and to provide the public benefit by the state or other public corporate entities or under their observation and supervision"2 in a broad sense and as, "the activities and services provided by public administrations or institutions within the limits of methods peculiar to the public law by their authorities emanating from this law."3 in a strict sense.