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The Concept of Potential Victim in Individual Application to European Court of Human Rights

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesine Bireysel Başvuruda Potansiyel Mağdur Kavramı

Gülsüm Cansu DİKKAŞ

In the process of individual application to the European Court of Human Rights, as strict implementation of the concept of the victim in every situation and thus expect the realization of the violation claimed by the individual can lead to the loss of rights according to the conditions of the situation. Because; in such a case, the right to apply against a measure that will definitely affect a person in the future will not be granted. Therefore the concept of the victim should be flexibly applied. The concept of potential victimization arises from the flexible application of the concept of victimization. With the concept of potential victimization, the person is given the opportunity to apply for a possible violation of right before the law or practice has an impact on himself/herself. In this study, the concept of potential victimization in individual application to European Court of Human Rights will be examined.

Individual Application to the European Court of Human Rights, Violation of Right, The Jurisdiction in Terms of Person, Victimization, Potential Victimization.

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesine bireysel başvuru sürecinde, mağdur kavramının her durumda katı bir şekilde uygulanması ve böylece birey tarafından iddia edilen ihlalin gerçekleşmesini beklemek, durumun koşullarına göre hak kaybına yol açabilir. Çünkü; böyle bir durumda, gelecekte bir kişiyi kesinlikle etkileyecek bir önlem aleyhine başvuru hakkı verilmeyecektir. Bu nedenle mağdur kavramı esnek bir şekilde uygulanmalıdır. Potansiyel mağdurluk kavramı, mağdurluk kavramının esnek bir şekilde uygulanması sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Potansiyel mağdurluk kavramıyla, kanun veya uygulamanın kendisi üzerinde bir etkisi olmadan önce kişiye olası hak ihlali için başvuru yapma imkanı verilir. Bu çalışmada, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesine bireysel başvuruda potansiyel mağdurluk kavramı incelenecektir.

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesine Bireysel Başvuru, Hak İhlali, Kişi Bakımından Yargı Yetkisi, Mağdurluk, Potansiyel Mağdurluk.

INTRODUCTION

In the case of an individual application to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), in order to ensure that the application is not denied, the necessary conditions for authorization should be met. One of the requirements for this is the fact that, as included in article 34 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the person complained of is de facto and really a victim of a claimed violation. However, the strict implementation of the concept of victimization may lead to undesirable negative consequences in some events. For this reason, with the flexible implementation of the concept of victim, the concept of potential victimization has emerged and potential victims have also entitled to individual applications.

Potential victimization is a concept that allows the law or an application to be applied before the impact on the individual. In this context, The applicant, by claiming that his/her right has been violated, presence of a law or practice leading to the victimization of himself/herself or the possibility that it may be implemented, even if it has not been implemented, probability of the effection from that, if it is probable that damages that cannot be compensated are high and he/she can be revealed with unreasonable evidence, it is accepted that applicant is potential victim.

This study is about examining the concept of potential victim in individual application to the European Court of Human Rights, and specifically on the potential victimization, the criteria for potential victimization, and the evaluation of the potential victimization in the general judgments of the European Court of Human Rights and in the context, it was pointed out that potential victims who applied to ECtHR individually should pay attention to the necessary criteria.