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Article 6§1 (Right to a Fair Trial) and Article 6§2 (Presumption of Innocence) of European Convention on Human Rights in the Light of Case of Kemal Coşkun V Turkey

Kemal Coşkun Türkiye’ye Karşı Davası Işığında AİHS m. 6/1 (Adil Yargılanma Hakkı) ve AİHS m. 6/2 (Masumiyet Karinesi)

Atakan KÖKEN

ECtHR 28/03/2017 (Final on 28/06/2017), Application no. 45028/07

It is a lawsuit which was initiated by a Turkish national police officer Kemal Coskun (“the applicant”) against Turkey or the Turkish Government (“the Government”) before the European Court of Human Rights (“the Court”). The applicant alleged violations of Article 6§1 and 6§2 of the European Convention on Human Rights (“the Convention”) as a result of his dismissal from the police force following the unfair disciplinary proceedings and despite the absence of a criminal conviction against him. The applicant was removed from the police force because of the decision of General Security Directorate of Turkish Ministry of Interior on 15 February 2005 in relation to the incidents of 3 July 2004. Parallel to the disciplinary proceeding conducting by Ministry of Interior, Samsun Administrative Court upheld the dismissal decision of Disciplinary Council as lawful. Upon his acquittal for the alleged charges in Turkish Court of Cassation, the applicant initiated a lawsuit in order to be accepted again into police force against Ministry of Interior and Governor of Samsun, however the lawsuit initiating by the applicant was both rejected by Samsun Administrative Court and Turkish Supreme Administrative Court. After the exhaustion of domestic remedies, upon the application, the Court declared the complaints under Article 6§§1 and 2 of the Convention concerning the applicants’ right to a fair trial and the presumption of innocence admissible.

Article 6 of ECHR, Right to a Fair Trial, Presumption of Innocence, Dismissing from Profession, Disciplinary Proceeding.

Bu dava, Türk polis memuru Kemal Coşkun (“başvurucu”), Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesinde (“mahkeme”) Türkiye ya da Türk hükümeti (“hükümet”) aleyhine açtığı bir davadır. Başvurucu, adaletsiz disiplin soruşturmasını ve kendisi hakkında verilmiş bir mahkûmiyet kararının bulunmamasını müteakiben polislik mesleğinden ihracının Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinin (“sözleşme”) 6/1. ve 6/2. maddelerini ihlal ettiğini iddia etmiştir. Başvurucu, İçişleri Bakanlığı Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğünün 15 Şubat 2005 tarihinde verdiği kararla, 3 Temmuz 2004 tarihinde yaşanan hadiselerden ötürü meslekten ihraç edildi. İçişleri Bakanlığınca yürütülen disiplin soruşturmasına paralel olarak Samsun İdare Mahkemesi, Disiplin Kurulunun ihraç kararını hukuka uygun buldu. Başvurucu, iddia edilen suçlardan Yargıtay kararınca beraat etmesi üzerine mesleğe tekrar kabul edilmek için İçişleri Bakanlığına ve Samsun valisine karşı dava açtı; ancak başvurucu tarafından açılan bu dava hem Samsun İdare Mahkemesi hem de Danıştayca reddedildi. İç hukuk yollarının tüketilmesinin ardından, başvuru üzerine, mahkeme başvuranın adil yargılanma ve masumiyet karinesi haklarına ilişkin Sözleşme’nin 6/1. ve 6/2. maddeleri kapsamındaki şikayetlerin kabul edilebilir olduğuna karar verdi.

AİHS m.6, Adil Yargılanma Hakkı, Masumiyet Karinesi, Meslekten İhraç, Disiplin Soruşturması.

Introduction

The case deals with Article 6§§1 and 2 relating to right to a fair trial and presumption of innocence. The European Court of Human Rights had to decide whether there has been a violation of 6§§1 and 2 throughout the disciplinary proceeding, criminal procedure and administrative procedure. Right to a fair trial is one of the fundamental rights guaranteed by Turkish Constitution in Turkish legal system.1 Right to a fair trial takes place on the Article 36§1 as it follows: (As amended on October 3, 2001; Act No. 4709) Everyone has the right of litigation either as plaintiff or defendant and the right to a fair trial before the courts through legitimate means and procedures.

As for right to presumption of innocence, even though the Turkish Constitution does not refer it explicitly, it has been stated on Article 38§4 of the Constitution as it follows: No one shall be considered guilty until proven guilty in a court of law. All in all, it is necessary to state that both right to a fair trial, right to presumption of innocence have been ensured by the Turkish Constitution. However, “The Effective Criminal Defence in Europe” study identified the following problems within Turkey examined2 :

- Respect for, and notification of, suspects’ rights should be improved

- Legal aid should be improved

- More respect for, and pro-active work by, criminal defense lawyers should be fostered