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Laundering the Proceeds of Crime (Article 282 of Turkish Criminal Code)

Suçtan Kaynaklanan Malvarlığı Değerlerini Aklama (Türk Ceza Kanunu 282. Madde)

Ali Rıza TÖNGÜR

For the use of proceeds obtained through illegal ways in a legal settlement, it is required to conceal the source of these proceeds and to indicate them as if acquired legally. This situation gives rise to the offence of laundering the proceeds of crime. This offence, which constitutes a significant problem in the international area and which is still not possible to be prevented completely, is governed under article 282 of Turkish Criminal Code in force.

In our study, firstly the significant global economic capacity of the proceeds of crime will be mentioned and explanations concerning the offence of laundering these proceeds will be provided. Afterwards, article 282 of Turkish Criminal Code is examined in details and the study will be concluded.

Proceeds of Crime, Laundering, Organized Crime, Corruption, Illegal Profit.

Gayrımeşru yollardan elde edilen kazançların legal ortamda kullanılabilmesi, kaynağının gizlenerek meşru şekilde elde edilmiş gibi gösterilmesi zaruretini gerekmektedir. Bu durum ise suçtan kaynaklanan malvarlığı değerlerini aklama suçuna vücut vermektedir. Uluslararası alanda da büyük bir sorun teşkil eden ve tümüyle engellenmesi halen mümkün olamayan bu suç, mevzuatımızda 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun 282’nci maddesinde düzenleme altına alınmıştır.

Çalışmamızda öncelikle, suçtan kaynaklanan malvarlığı değerlerinin küresel ölçekli büyük ekonomik hacminden ve bu malvarlıklarının aklanması suçuna ilişkin açıklamalar yapılacaktır. Ardından, Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun 282’nci maddesi ayrıntılı olarak inceleme konusu yapılarak çalışmamız sonlandırılacaktır.

Suçtan Kaynaklanan Malvarlığı, Aklama, Örgütlü Suç, Yolsuzluk, Gayrımeşru Kazanç.

The act of laundering the proceeds of crime is a subject directly linked to the organized crimes committed widely today such as tax evasion, counterfeiting, corruption, drug trafficking, human trafficking, smuggling of arms and financing of terrorism.1

The subject of proceeds of crime which is considered to have a complex structure is actually based on a simple principle. This principle might be explained as indicating the proceeds obtained unlawfully as if acquired via legal means through concealing or masking the actual source of the proceeds and therefore attributing legality to their gains in appearance2.

The aims of fighting against offence of laundering are to deprive especially the benefit-oriented crime organizations of the illegal proceeds provided from the crimes and to break the efficiency of these organization and thus to prevent the crimes from which they acquire proceeds.3 According to the explanation of International Financial Statistics Department of International Monetary Fund, the annual total amount of the proceeds of crimes all around the world is estimated to be 700 billion - 1 trillion USD.4 According to the estimations of International Monetary Fund (IMF), the amount of the laundered money is 2 to 5% of the global gross national product5. Financial Action Task Force (FATF)6 data indicates that 300 billion dollars is laundered each year in the world banking system.7